Skull 70f from Medieval Orkney

This project focuses on the craniofacial analysis and facial approximation of a mature adult female from medieval Orkney (c. AD 640–1626). Funded by the Orkney Archaeological Society, the work integrates skeletal assessment, ancient DNA, and digital 3D modelling to create an anatomically accurate and ethically informed facial representation based on a partial cranium.

The reconstruction reflects advanced age, long-term physical labour, and significant dental disease, including extensive tooth loss during life. Facial features such as pronounced nasolabial folds, altered lip form, and a strong chin are directly informed by skeletal and dental evidence. This project highlights the physical realities of ageing and health in medieval communities and demonstrates the value of craniofacial approximation in making archaeological research accessible and meaningful to the public.